In Scandinavia, well trained ceramic artists frequently worked within the ceramics industry, both designing new items for mass production and experimenting with ideas in company studios. In Canada, such collaboration between studio potters and industry was rare, except in the province of Québec. From its inception in the 1940s, Céramique de Beauce—Canada’s largest ceramics producer—commonly hired studio artists as art directors, but it wasn’t until the mid-1960s that the company produced any distinctive modern work. In 1964, Jacques Garnier became art director of the company, bringing with him ceramic designs developed in his own studio, which he was then able to mass-produce.